Abstract: In recent years, digital twins have been rapidly applied in the medical field. Medical digital twins have further released the energy contained in health data, which is expected to meet the needs of patients for precise disease diagnosis and personalized medical services. In response to the new changes in health data, this article first elaborates on how medical digital twins empower the digital evolution of health data, enabling it to gain unprecedented value and functionality. Then, it examines the new risks faced by health data in the context of medical digital twins. Finally, based on the actual situation in China, this article examines the four aspects of legal resource supply, administrative supervision and management, technological development strategies, and diversified governance models, proposing governance strategies for health data to promote the healthy development of medical digital twins.

Key words: digital twin, health data, spatial information, Risk of data, legal governance

摘要： 近年来，数字孪生在医学领域得到快速应用.医学数字孪生进一步释放了健康数据蕴含的能量，有望满足患者对精准疾病诊断和个性化医疗服务的需求.针对健康数据的新变化：首先阐述了医学数字孪生如何赋能健康数据的数字化演进，使健康数据获得了前所未有的价值和机能；然后考察健康数据在医学数字孪生场景下面临的新风险；最后立足中国实际状况，从法律资源供给、行政监督管理、技术发展战略以及多元共治模式这4个方面，提出了健康数据的治理策略，以推动医学数字孪生的健康发展.

关键词: 数字孪生, 健康数据, 数字赋能, 数据风险, 法律治理