Abstract: Data becomes the fifth key factor of production. The overall situation and strategic construction of Digital China relies on the digital economy, which makes the data as the key factor. Public data generated by government departments, enterprises and institutions at all levels in the process of performing their duties or providing public services in accordance with the law becomes an important source of data element supply. By analyzing the public data sharing mode and security risks, the data security sharing protection system is designed, which provides the balance mechanism for the main body of public data to achieve openness and security.

Key words: public data, open sharing, security risks, data security, privacy computing, commercial cryptogram

摘要： 数据已经成为第5个关键生产要素.数字中国建设的全局和战略依托于以数据为关键要素的数字经济.各级政府部门、企事业单位在依法行政履职或提供公共服务过程中产生的公共数据成为重要的数据要素供给来源.通过分析公共数据共享模式和安全风险，设计了数据安全共享防护体系，为公共数据的主体提供一种实现开放和安全的平衡机制.

关键词: 公共数据, 开放共享, 安全风险, 数据安全, 隐私计算, 商用密码