Abstract: In view of the issues encountered in product tracking and traceability during the manufacturing process—such as data dispersion, opaque information, susceptibility to tampering, and the lack of trust—this paper proposes a construction method for a trustworthy manufacturing traceability system based on blockchain. First, the system architecture and its key functions are designed, and the system workflow is clearly specified. A production transaction control model based on smart contracts is developed to facilitate interactions between users and producers as well as to control the business processes among different production nodes. Using Cuckoo filters as a priori conditions, an onchain and offchain data storage and retrieval algorithm based on Cuckoo filters and Merkle trees is established to achieve efficient traceability process retrieval. This method stores key information onchain while storing raw data in an offchain database. Finally, system performance is evaluated on a Hyperledger Fabric blockchain network. The results indicate that the retrieval algorithm based on Cuckoo filters and Merkle trees improves system throughput and resource utilization efficiency, while also reducing transaction latency.

Key words: blockchain, trusted manufacturing, Cuckoo filter, smart contract, traceability

摘要： 针对制造过程中产品跟踪追溯面临的数据分散、信息不透明、数据易篡改以及信任缺失等问题，提出了基于区块链的可信制造追溯系统构建方法.首先设计了系统架构与主要核心功能，明确系统工作流程；构建了基于智能合约的生产交易控制模型，实现了用户需求与生产者之间的交互，以及不同生产节点间的业务流程控制；以布谷鸟过滤器为先验条件，建立了基于布谷鸟过滤器与默克尔树的链上链下数据存储检索算法，实现了高效的溯源过程检索，该方法在链上存储关键信息并结合链下数据库存储原始数据；最后基于Hyperledger Fabric区块链网络进行了系统性能测试.结果表明，基于布谷鸟过滤器与默克尔树的检索算法提高了系统吞吐量和资源利用效率，降低了交易时延.

关键词: 区块链, 可信制造, 布谷鸟过滤器, 智能合约, 溯源