Abstract: Cyberspace identity management, as an indispensable infrastructure for cyberspace governance in the era of Internet digital economy, plays an important supporting role in social economic development and social governance. The United States, the European Union, South Korea and other developed countries attach great importance to network identity management, have issued national strategic plans, and actively explore the application of cutting-edge technology. China's research efforts and investment in cyberspace identity management are also increasing, and the cyberspace trusted service ecology is gradually built. Cyberspace identity management system includes centralized and decentralized identity management. The centralized identity management system is the traditional identity management mode in Internet applications, which has the advantages of high efficiency and rapidity, and the disadvantages of centralized management and control of user identity information, which is prone to privacy disclosure. Decentralized identity management system is a new cyberspace identity management system based on blockchain technology. With its decentralized, encrypted, difficult to tamper with, traceable and other features, it can solve the problems of privacy disclosure in centralized identity management, but it also has poor performance and low efficiency. The two identity management systems of centralization and decentralization have their own advantages and disadvantages. They complement each other. The emergence of blockchain, artificial intelligence and other cutting-edge technologies will vigorously promote the innovation and development of cyberspace identity management system, and make it more intelligent and secure.

Key words: cyberspace identity, cyberspace identity management, centralized, decentralized, blockchain, artificial intelligence

摘要： 网络身份管理，作为互联网数字经济时代开展网络空间治理不可或缺的重要基础设施，在社会经济发展与社会治理中发挥着重要的支撑作用．美国、欧盟、韩国等发达国家高度重视网络身份管理，纷纷出台国家战略计划，并积极探索前沿技术应用．我国在网络身份管理方面的研究力度和投入也在不断加大，打造出了网络可信服务生态．网络身份管理体系分为中心化身份管理和去中心化身份管理两类．中心化身份管理体系是互联网应用中的传统身份管理模式，其优点是高效、快捷，缺点是用户身份信息集中管理和控制，容易出现隐私泄露问题．去中心化身份管理体系是基于区块链技术创建的一种全新的网络身份管理体系，凭借其去中心化、加密、难篡改、可追溯等特征，可以解决中心化身份管理存在的隐私泄露等问题，但它也存在性能差、效率低等劣势．中心化和去中心化两种身份管理体系各有优劣，二者相辅相成、互为补充．区块链、人工智能等前沿技术的出现，将大力推动网络身份管理体系的创新与发展, 使其变得更加智能和安全．

关键词: 网络身份, 网络身份管理, 中心化, 去中心化, 区块链, 人工智能