Abstract: Blockchain is an important milestone in the development of cryptographic technology, Its technical characteristics and advantages subvert the traditional management thinking and governance model, It's conducive to promote the reconstruction and optimization of trust model and management mechanism, and provides experience and enlightenment for the establishment of a new government data governance system. This paper gives a comprehensive review of the origin, evolution, development and rise of blockchain technology. Examine its core ideas and design concepts, and summarizes and evaluates its core technology, element rules and infrastructure. We take official document circulation, information resources directory and online government services as example, this paper expounds the typical scenarios of its application in government from the perspective of use case design. Summarize the vision, problems and reasons of the application of block chain technology in government, and puts forward some directional thinking and prospects.

Key words: blockchain, consensus protocol, smart contract, distributed ledger, electronic official documents, government information resources, government affairs service

摘要： 区块链是密码技术应用发展的重要里程碑，其技术特点及优势颠覆了传统管理思维与治理模式，有助于推动信任模式与管理机制的重构与优化，为建立新型的政府数据治理体系提供经验与启示。本文全面评述了区块链技术的起源、演进、发展和兴起历程，审视其核心思想与设计理念，对其核心技术、要素规则、基础架构分别作了比较与概括；从用例设计角度阐述了区块链技术在机关公文运转、信息资源目录、网上政务服务等政务领域典型场景的应用；总结了区块链技术在政务领域应用的愿景、问题与原因，并提出一些方向性的思考与展望。

关键词: 区块链, 共识协议, 智能合约, 分布式账本, 电子公文, 政务信息资源, 政务服务