Abstract: The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies and the expansion of their applications place greater demands on the development and effective implementation of AI safety and security standards. This paper reviews the AI safety and security standardization initiatives of international organizations, including ISO/IEC, ITU, and IEEE, compares standardization practices in the United States, the European Union, and China, and analyzes the major challenges facing China in this field. It argues that AI safety and security standards are evolving from individual technical specifications toward lifecycle-wide governance. However, China continues to face several challenges: standards development lags behind rapid technological advances; general safety and security requirements are difficult to reconcile fully with sector-specific needs; and international differences in governance approaches complicate standards alignment. To address these challenges, this paper recommends strengthening research on key technologies and coordination between research and development, testing, and evaluation; improving domestic coordination and alignment between general standards and sector-specific specifications; and advancing alignment with international rules and joint validation. These measures aim to enhance the verifiability, adaptability, and effectiveness of China’s AI safety and security standards and strengthen its capacity to participate in international standardization.

Key words: artificial intelligence safety, standardization, international cooperation, risk governance

摘要： 人工智能（Artificial Intelligence，AI）技术快速演进与应用场景持续拓展，对安全标准的供给能力与实施效能提出了更高要求。本文梳理ISO/IEC、ITU和IEEE等国际组织的人工智能安全标准布局，比较美国、欧盟和我国的标准化实践，分析我国人工智能安全标准化面临的主要挑战。本文认为，人工智能安全标准正由单项技术规范向全生命周期治理拓展，但我国仍面临技术快速演进与标准供给相对滞后、通用安全要求与行业差异难以充分协调、治理理念的国际差异增加标准衔接难度等挑战。针对上述挑战，提出加强关键技术攻关与研发测评协同、完善国内统筹和通用标准与行业规范衔接、深化国际规则对接与联合验证等建议，以提升我国人工智能安全标准的可验证性、适应性与实施效能，增强国际标准化参与能力。

关键词: 人工智能安全, 标准化, 国际合作, 风险治理