Abstract: As the security problems in RFID become more and more serious, secure communication is receiving more and more attention. The premise of secure communication is security authentication protocol and security encryption. The paper proposes the security mechanism combining Grain-v1 algorithm and security authentication protocol in homegrown standard. This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of both foreign standards and homegrown standard about RFID, and we explain bidirectional authentication protocol and secure communication protocol in detail. Taking the use of less resource and easier implementation into consideration, we choose Grain-v1 stream cipher and illustrate its algorithm principle, analyze the changes of internal state and design hardware architecture, this paper implements simulation and debugging on software. At last, we discuss the grain-s security safety and its improvement.

Key words: radio frequency identification (RFID), secure communication, authentication protocol, encryption, stream cipher

摘要： 随着RFID的安全问题日益严重，安全通信受到越来越多的关注.安全通信的前提是安全认证协议和安全加密算法.提出一种将Grain?v1算法与自主标准安全认证协议相结合的安全方案.讨论了RFID国外标准和我国自主标准的优缺点，详细阐述了自主标准双向认证协议和安全通信协议的工作原理.考虑到流密码资源开销相对较少、硬件实现比较方便等优点，选取了Grain?v1流密码算法，并详细介绍了其算法原理, 分析内部状态跳转，设计硬件架构，结合软件进行仿真调试.最后对Grain安全性问题及其改进进行了讨论.

关键词: 无线射频识别, 安全通信, 认证协议, 加密, 流密码