Abstract: With the development of artificial intelligence, blockchain, Internet of Things, 5G and other new technologies, data governance issues have attracted more attention. Therefore,how to protect data security, maintain personal privacy, and achieve scientific and systematic data governance is worthy of further study. The European Union has always been at the forefront of the world in the field of data governance. Based on the review and analysis of laws and documents in European Union related data governance,it is found that the construction of the European Union data governance legal system is mainly divided into the 1981 convention phase, the 1995 directive phase, the 2016 regulation phase, the 2018 regulation supporting laws phase, and the 2020 data strategy phase. Starting from General Data Protection Regulation, the European Union has created supporting laws around General Data Protection Regulation and proposed data strategy, forming a legal system about data governance. Based on the research and summary of European Union data governance laws, it is believed that China should continue to maintain its data security and sovereignty, while continuing to drive data to empower the digital economy.

Key words: data, governance, European Union, laws;system

摘要： 随着人工智能、区块链、物联网、5G等新技术的发展所带来的数据治理问题日益引起人们关注，如何保护数据安全，维护个人隐私，实现数据的科学化、系统化治理值得深入研究.欧盟在数据治理领域一直走在全球的最前沿，基于对欧盟数据治理相关法案及文献的梳理及分析研究，发现欧盟数据治理法律体系的建构演进主要分为1981年的公约阶段、1995年的指令阶段、2016年的条例阶段、2018年的条例配套法律阶段以及2020年的数据战略阶段.欧盟从《通用数据保护条例》开始，围绕《通用数据保护条例》打造配套律法并提出数据战略，形成了基于数据治理的法律体系.通过对欧盟数据治理法律规律的研究总结，认为我国应该继续维护我国的数据安全与主权，同时继续驱动数据赋能数字经济.

关键词: 数据, 治理, 欧盟, 法律, 体系