Journal of Information Security Reserach ›› 2024, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (8): 690-.

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Blockchain Security Sharding Scheme Based on Multi-dimensional Reputation

Zeng Junzhi, Xu Li, You Weijing, and Zuo Yuting#br#

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  1. (College of Computer and Cyber Security, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350108)

  • Online:2024-08-08 Published:2024-08-08

基于多维信誉的区块链安全分片方案

曾俊智许力尤玮婧左雨庭


  

  1. (福建师范大学计算机与网络空间安全学院福州350108)


  • 通讯作者: 许力 博士,教授,博士生导师.主要研究方向为移动社会网络、大数据与信息化. xu1i@fjnu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:曾俊智 硕士研究生.主要研究方向为区块链分片. 2523306625@qq.com 许力 博士,教授,博士生导师.主要研究方向为移动社会网络、大数据与信息化. xu1i@fjnu.edu.cn 尤玮婧 博士,副教授,硕士生导师.主要研究方向为云存储数据安全. youweijing@fjnu.edu.cn 左雨庭 博士.主要研究方向为密码学、区块链. 1415435249@qq.com

Abstract: Blockchain faces scalability issues. Sharding improves system performance by dividing the blockchain network into multiple subnetworks that process transactions in parallel. However, sharding can lead to the clustering of malicious nodes, resulting in 51% attacks and affecting system security. The existing singledimensional reputation schemes have the problems of high overhead and insufficient shard consensus in the redistribution process, failing to ensure both performance and security. To address these  problems, a blockchain security sharding scheme based on multidimensional reputation is proposed: Firstly, the scheme integrates multidimensional indicators of nodes to balance shard reputation and computational communication abilities, identifying malicious nodes.  Secondly, a twostage redistribution scheme is proposed to reduce the frequency and cost of redistribution through partial redistribution in first stage and complete redistribution in second stage. Finally, a multidimensional reputation based fast Byzantine faulttolerant consensus (MRFBFT) is designed, which combines voting power and reputation, and introduces consensus among shard leader nodes to prevent malicious behavior. The experimental results show that the shard reputation and computational communication level are more balanced, the consensus delay is reduced by about 20%, and the throughput is increased by about 15%.

Key words: blockchain, shard, reputation, redistribution, consensus

摘要: 区块链面临可拓展性问题.分片通过将区块链网络划分成多个子网络,并行处理交易,从而提升系统性能.但分片易导致恶意节点聚集,发动51%攻击,影响系统安全.现有的单维信誉方案存在重分配过程开销大和分片间共识不足的问题,性能与安全无法保证.针对上述问题,提出基于多维信誉的区块链安全分片方案.首先,综合节点多维指标,保证分片信誉与计算通信能力均衡,识别恶意节点.其次,提出双阶段重分配方案,通过第1阶段部分重分配和第2阶段全部重分配,减少重分配频次,降低开销.最后,设计基于多维信誉的快速拜占庭容错共识(multidimensional reputation based fast Byzantine faulttolerant consensus, MRFBFT),将投票权与信誉结合,并在分片领导节点间增设一次共识,防止恶意行为.实验结果表明,各分片信誉和计算通信水平更均衡,共识时延大约降低20%,吞吐量提升15%左右.

关键词: 区块链, 分片, 信誉, 重分配, 共识

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