Abstract: The legal protection of data property rights is the focus in the current criminal law field. Firstly, in view of the current situation of the protection of existing criminal law norms, this paper analyzes the problems of the hysteresis of synchronic norms and the inadequacy of the protection model at the legislative system level, as well as the problems of the expansion of diachronic interpretation and the departure from the principle of legality of crimes and punishments at the judicial application level. Secondly, it demonstrates the guiding principles of classification and grading of protection and the whole life cycle protection of data property rights, making data change from emphasizing dependence to realizing independence and from emphasizing control to focusing on utilization. Furthermore, it constructs the specific protection mode of criminal legislation of data property rights: that is, adhering to the “special chapter” legislative style of the small chapter system and considering the multilevel “statutory offender” elements in the setting of constitutive elements. Finally, it proposes the integrated protection of “core data, important data and general data” of data property rights in criminal law, and advocates the joint promotion of “prior supervision, inprocess supervision and afteraction relief” of data property rights in criminal law.

Key words: data property rights, data crime, classification and grading, the whole life cycle, small chapter legislation

摘要： 数据产权的法律保护问题是当前刑法领域关注的焦点.首先，针对既有刑法规范的保护现状，分析了其立法体系层面存在共时性规范的迟滞与保护模式的粗疏、司法适用层面存在历时性解释的扩张与罪刑法定的背离问题.其次，论证了数据产权分类分级、全生命周期保护的指导性原则，促使数据从侧重依附性到实现独立性、由强调控制性到注重利用性.再者，构建了数据产权刑事立法的具体保护模式，即坚持小章制的“专章式”立法体例，在构成要件的设置上考量多层化的“法定犯”要素.最后，提出了统筹数据产权“核心数据、重要数据、一般数据”刑法一体保护，提倡数据产权“事前监督、事中监管、事后救济”刑法共同推进.

关键词: 数据产权, 数据犯罪, 分类分级, 全生命周期, 小章制立法