Abstract: A preliminary legal framework for China’s critical information infrastructure (CII) has been established. However, there remain several issues, including the insufficient industryspecificity and adaptability of the legal liability system, the inadequate coordination between accountability mechanisms and the enforcement of penalties, and the need for enhanced alignment with international regulations. By conducting a comparative analysis of the frameworks and models of CII legal liability systems in countries and organizations such as the United States, the European Union, and Russia, it is suggested that China should build a targeted CII liability system, strengthen the coordinated mechanism between law enforcement and accountability, and actively participate in international CII security protection.

Key words: critical information infrastructure, legal liability system, security protection, comparative study, optimization path

摘要： 我国关键信息基础设施已初步形成法律框架，但仍存在法律责任体系行业针对性、适配性不足，追责机制与罚则执行协同化偏弱，与国际规则衔接有待加强等问题.通过比较分析美国、欧盟、俄罗斯等国家和组织关键信息基础设施法律责任体系的框架与模式，建议我国关键信息基础设施应当构建精准化责任制度体系、强化执法与追责协同化机制、积极参与国际关键信息基础设施安全保护.

关键词: 关键信息基础设施, 法律责任体系, 安全防护, 比较研究, 优化路径