Abstract: With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, critical information infrastructure is confronting unprecedented security challenges. This paper employs systematic analysis and comparative research methods to examine the security threats faced by critical information infrastructure in the AI era, specifically focusing on structural vulnerabilities, governance lag, and dual technical risks. Drawing on the strategic practices of major economies such as the United States, the European Union, and Japan, it proposes that China should enhance AI security policy standards, establish a security risk governance framework, and strengthen security technology innovation. Through these pathways, China can build a selfreliant, secure, and reliable AIenabled critical information infrastructure system, thereby enhancing national digital security capabilities and global competitiveness.

Key words: critical information infrastructure, artificial intelligence, security risk, governance mechanism, strategic competition

摘要： 随着人工智能技术的迅猛发展，关键信息基础设施正面临前所未有的安全挑战.采用系统分析与比较研究方法，剖析了人工智能时代关键信息基础设施在结构脆弱性、治理滞后性及技术双重性风险等方面的安全威胁，并结合美国、欧盟、日本等主要国家和地区的战略实践，提出我国应通过完善人工智能安全政策标准、构建安全风险治理框架以及加强安全技术创新等路径，建立和完善自主可控、安全可靠的关键信息基础设施人工智能赋能体系，以提升国家数字安全能力和全球竞争力.关键词

关键词: 基础设施, 人工智能, 安全风险, 治理机制, 战略竞争