Abstract: Large model (LM) has shown great potential in the fields of natural language processing, image and speech recognition, and has become a key force driving the technological revolution and social progress. However, the wide application of LM technology brings challenges such as data privacy risks, data compliance regulation, and data regulatory activation and intelligence.  This paper aims to explore how to utilize blockchain to design and construct an effective data regulatory system to promote its healthy development, in order to meet the challenges brought by the application of massive data to LM. This paper analyzes the trends and current status of the development of LM at home and abroad, and points out the main challenges to LM data regulation, including data privacy risks, data compliance, and the difficulty of effective supervision by regulators . A blockchainbased data regulation system design scheme is proposed to address these challenges, which realizes the fullcycle data regulation of LM data from the native metadata to the input of training until the posttraining feedback through four interconnected modules, namely, privacy protection, consensus algorithm, incentive mechanism, and smart contract. Finally, the application prospect of blockchain in LM data supervision is summarized, and the future trend of data supervision is outlooked.

Key words: large model, blockchain, large model data regulation, big data, privacy protection, data security

摘要： 大模型(large model, LM)在自然语言处理、图像、语音识别等领域展现出巨大潜力，成为推动科技革命与社会进步的关键力量.但大模型技术的广泛应用带来了数据隐私风险、数据合规性监管、数据监管活跃性与智能化等挑战.旨在探讨如何利用区块链技术设计和构建一个有效的大模型数据监管体系促进其健康发展，以应对海量数据应用于大模型所带来的挑战.分析了国内外大模型发展的趋势和现状，指出了大模型数据监管面临的主要挑战，包括数据隐私问题、数据合规性、监管机构难以有效监督等.针对这些挑战提出一种基于区块链技术的数据监管体系设计方案，通过隐私保护、共识算法、激励机制和智能合约4个互相联动的模块实现对大模型数据从原生元数据到输入大模型训练，直至训练后反馈的全周期数据监管.最后总结了区块链技术在大模型数据监管中的应用前景，并对未来大模型数据监管的发展趋势进行了展望.

关键词: 大模型, 区块链, 大模型数据监管, 大数据, 隐私保护, 数据安全