Abstract: As the critical interface between blockchains and external data sources, oracles presently contend with substantial resource overhead and diminished execution efficiency. To address the inefficiencies and limited scalability of traditional consensus protocols within heterogeneous decentralized oracle networks, we introduce an unbalanced handshake mechanism that assesses computational disparities among nodes and offloads complex tasks to high-performance nodes, thereby markedly reducing initialization latency. Integrated with a customized multi-stage commit process and data source signature verification, this scheme enhances consensus efficiency while preserving robust security and reliability. Evaluation results demonstrate that UBFTO achieves lower consensus latency compared to existing mechanisms, providing a viable solution for the construction of high-performance distributed oracle services.

Key words: blockchain; smart contract; oracle; communication protocol; unbalanced algorithm

摘要： 随着区块链技术的快速发展，预言机作为连接区块链与外部信息的关键环节，普遍面临资源开销过高、执行效率偏低的挑战。本文针对去中心化预言机网络中传统共识协议在异构计算环境下效率低下、扩展性不足的问题，提出非平衡拜占庭容错预言机（Unbalanced Byzantine Fault Tolerance Oracle，UBFTO）方案。引入非平衡握手机制识别节点算力差异，将复杂计算任务转移至高性能节点，显著降低初始化握手时延。结合定制化多阶段提交流程与数据源签名验证，该方案在维持高安全性与高可靠性的同时，有效提升了共识效率。实验结果表明，该方案共识时耗低于同类机制，为构建高性能分布式预言机服务提供了有效方案。

关键词: 区块链；智能合约；预言机；通信协议；非平衡算法