关键词: 人工智能安全, 标准化, 国际合作, 风险治理

Abstract: The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies and the expansion of their applications place greater demands on the development and effective implementation of AI safety and security standards. This paper reviews the AI safety and security standardization initiatives of international organizations, including ISO/IEC, ITU, and IEEE, compares standardization practices in the United States, the European Union, and China, and analyzes the major challenges facing China in this field. It argues that AI safety and security standards are evolving from individual technical specifications toward lifecycle-wide governance. However, China continues to face several challenges: standards development lags behind rapid technological advances; general safety and security requirements are difficult to reconcile fully with sector-specific needs; and international differences in governance approaches complicate standards alignment. To address these challenges, this paper recommends strengthening research on key technologies and coordination between research and development, testing, and evaluation; improving domestic coordination and alignment between general standards and sector-specific specifications; and advancing alignment with international rules and joint validation. These measures aim to enhance the verifiability, adaptability, and effectiveness of China’s AI safety and security standards and strengthen its capacity to participate in international standardization.

Key words: artificial intelligence safety, standardization, international cooperation, risk governance