Abstract: In 5G Release 15 and Release 16, 128-bit symmetric algorithms and Elliptic curve asymmetric algorithms are standardized to protect air-interface information. Due to development of quantum computing technology, quantum computers may pose a long-term threat to 5G system. 3GPP have completed a study item and reached an agreement that it is necessary to use 256-bit algorithms, as well as quantum-resistance asymmetric algorithms in future release of 5G. In this paper, we gave an overview of the secure algorithms in 5G system. We analyzed effect on communication procedures and implementations when 256-bit symmetric and quantum-resistance asymmetric algorithms coexist with 128-bit keys in legacy networks or earlier 5G phases, which provide important reference for the development of 5G network in the future. future.

Key words: 5G, secure algorithms, quantum-resistance asymmetric algorithms, communication procedures, performance

摘要： 5G R15和R16版本使用128比特比特密钥密码算法和椭圆曲线等算法提供信息保护能力．由于近年量子计算技术飞速发展，量子计算可能会威胁到现有的5G系统中使用的密码算法安全能力．3GPP等标准组织开展了研究项目，认为在5G生命周期内，有必要引入256比特安全能力的密码算法．本文分析了3GPP 5G移动通信系统通信网络密码算法应用方式，深入剖析了新型密码算法（如256比特比特对称密码算法、抗量子公钥密码算法）的引入、与现有128比特安全能力共存时，对于现有系统流程设计、工程实现的影响，为今后5G系统演进提供了重要参考．

关键词: 5G, 密码算法, 抗量子计算密码, 安全流程, 实现性能