Abstract: In the context of the digital era, crossborder cooperation in data exchange between nations has facilitated the global digital economy. However, along with the benefits of crossborder data cooperation, there arise challenges in balancing data transfer and data security, particularly in relation to illicit access for intelligence purposes. The United States and the European Union, being pioneers in crossborder data cooperation, have implemented special data protection mechanisms in their agreements, which restrict intelligence agencies’ access to data. This paper aims to delve into the design of these special data protection mechanisms under the “Safe Harbor Agreement,” “Privacy Shield Agreement,” and “EUUS Data Privacy Framework,” focusing on the rules related to behavioral restrictions, departmental supervision, and rights remedies, thereby uncovering the fundamental framework of these mechanisms. Given China’s efforts to establish convenient crossborder data transmission mechanisms, this study proposes specific approaches to address such issues.

Key words: data security, Data cross-border, Safe Harbor Agreement, Privacy Shield Agreement, EUUS Data Privacy Framework

摘要： 数字化时代背景下，国家间的数据跨境合作促进了全球数字经济发展.但伴随数据跨境合作带来的以情报为目的的非法访问行为，也带来如何兼顾数据跨境与数据安全的难题.欧盟与美国较早应用充分性认定制度开展数据跨境合作，双方达成的合作协议中限制美国公共当局访问行为的特殊数据保护制度设计值得深入研究.对《安全港协议》《隐私盾协议》《欧盟美国数据隐私框架》下特殊数据保护制度设计进行了提炼，重点解读了其行为限制、部门监督、权利救济的有关规则，挖掘该制度的基本框架.在我国大力建立便利化数据跨境传输机制背景下，提出对我国的相关建议.

关键词: 数据安全, 数据跨境, 《安全港协议》, 《隐私盾协议》, 《欧盟 美国数据隐私框架》