关键词: 比特币, 区块链技术, 智能合约, 扩展性, 安全性

Abstract: A rush of digital cryptocurrency is being set off by bitcoin since it was introduced in 2008. As its underlying core technology, blockchain and blockchain technology have received extensive attention from many aspects. Blockchain technology is a combination of many technologies for data exchange, processing and storage based on cryptography, peer-to-peer communications, distributed coherency protocols and smart contracts. Blockchain is a decentralized, distributed public database based on the blockchain technology. The implementation of the blockchain's classification, five-tier architecture, smart contracts, scalability and security are introduced in detail in this article. We introduced the application of blockchain in current fields and related development of domestic blockchain. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the blockchain are outlined, which lays the foundation for futther research and application.

Key words: bitcoin, blockchain technology, smart contracts, scalability, security