关键词: 区块链, 分布式账本, 比特币, 以太坊, Hyperledger, 信任机制, 安全性分析

Abstract: A blockchain is a distributed ledger consisting of unchangeable blocks, by using cryptographically signed links and forms a chronological chain structure. The contents and records in this blockchain are accessible for the authorized users. With tamper-proof, can be anonymous, to the center and other advantages. Today, blockchain has extensive research on e-money, digital assets, internet of things, and supply chain. The article describes in detail the working principle and technical characteristics of the blockchain. The three platforms Bitcoin implemented in the blockchain are compared with Ethereum and Hyperledger to introduce the basic technologies of the three platforms. Because of its unique technical advantages, the blockchain has been applied in many fields and scenarios, changing the traditional needs that rely on the third-party trust mechanisms. Subsequently, the blockchain was elaborated and analyzed in terms of security.

Key words: blockchain, distributed ledger, bitcoin, ethereum, Hyperledger, trust mechanism, security analysis