关键词: 大数据隐私, 数据垄断, 数据治理, 数据收集者, 中国隐私风险指数

Abstract: The acceleration of digitization process in various fields has led to an explosive growth in data volume. Meanwhile, the huge derivative value of massive data makes it a strategic basic resource in digital economy era. The resulting “data war” has made data monopoly inevitable. Data oligarchies control massive amounts of data. This paper takes the mobile internet as an example to study the status of data monopoly and experimental results indicate the top 10% of data collectors have held 99% of the data. The aggregation characteristics of data itself, the business model of large companies covering various digital fields and their huge number of users are all potential causes of data monopoly. Data monopoly may lead to many problems, such as free competition market barriers, consumer welfare damage, information security and personal privacy risk. In order to solve these problems, there are mainly three types of governance schemes: partial mode, intermediary mode and global mode. The three schemes respectively act on different stages of the data life cycle, and govern data centralization phenomenon by weakening data control of collectors to different extents.

Key words: big data privacy, data monopoly, data governance, data collector, the China privacy risk index