关键词: ChatGPT, 安全赋能, 伴生安全, 大型语言模型, 提示注入

Abstract: ChatGPT, as a large language model technology, demonstrates extremely strong language understanding and text generation capabilities. It has not only attracted tremendous attention across various industries but also brought new transformations to the field of cybersecurity. Currently, research on ChatGPT in the cybersecurity field is still in its infancy. To help researchers systematically understand the research status of ChatGPT in cybersecurity, this paper provides the first comprehensive summary of ChatGPT’s applications in the field of cybersecurity and potential accompanying security issues. The article first outlines the development of large language model technologies and briefly introduces the technology and features of ChatGPT. Then, it discusses the enabling effects of ChatGPT in the cybersecurity field from two perspectives: assisting attacks and assisting defense. This includes vulnerability discovery, exploitation and remediation, malicious software detection and identification, phishing email generation and detection, and potential use cases in security operations scenarios. Furthermore, the article delves into the accompanying risks of ChatGPT in the cybersecurity field, including content risks and prompt injection attacks, providing a detailed analysis and discussion of these risks. Finally, the paper looks into the future of ChatGPT in the cybersecurity field from the perspectives of security enablement and accompanying security, pointing out the direction for future research on ChatGPT in the cybersecurity domain.

Key words: ChatGPT, security empowerment, companion security, large language model, prompt injection