关键词: 数据稀缺性, 数据价值非对称性, 数据垄断, 智能生成(AIGC), 大模型(LLM), 跨境数据链

Abstract: With the rapid development of the large language model (LLM) industry, due to market competition situations, LLM scale has expanded rapidly. However meanwhile on the supply side, available training datasets is relatively insufficient and increasing scarce, especially highvalue ones cannot fulfill the exponential growth on LLM computation scale on the demand side. Status quo, under stringent institutional constraints on data factor, the operation mechanism of LLM has been proved with natural monopoly characteristics. Differences among economies in data governance philosophy and international section technical environment, and algorithm discrimination all increase value asymmetry between supply and demand, impact LLM data value distribution, and strengthen LLM owners’ data monopoly. For China’ LLM industry, although it confronts a series of technical constraints in the international section, however advantages of great potential in dataset endowment, both quantity and quality, could improve contributions for data value benefits accumulations. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of selfsupporting LLM platforms, input and output value indicators, international rules, and also an emphasis on policy guidance for the future development of LLM industry.

Key words: data scarcity, data value asymmetry, data monopoly, artificial intelligence generated content (AIGC), large language model (LLM), crossborder data chain