关键词: 关键信息基础设施, 法律责任体系, 安全防护, 比较研究, 优化路径

Abstract: A preliminary legal framework for China’s critical information infrastructure (CII) has been established. However, there remain several issues, including the insufficient industryspecificity and adaptability of the legal liability system, the inadequate coordination between accountability mechanisms and the enforcement of penalties, and the need for enhanced alignment with international regulations. By conducting a comparative analysis of the frameworks and models of CII legal liability systems in countries and organizations such as the United States, the European Union, and Russia, it is suggested that China should build a targeted CII liability system, strengthen the coordinated mechanism between law enforcement and accountability, and actively participate in international CII security protection.

Key words: critical information infrastructure, legal liability system, security protection, comparative study, optimization path