Abstract: With the rapid proliferation of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI), large-scale models, and intelligent-agent applications, AI security risks have permeated data processing, model development, product deployment, and infrastructure operation. Accordingly, this study analyzed the characteristics and implementation approaches of AI safety governance in major countries and regions, and found that although the choices of governance measures vary significantly due to differences in technological foundations, legal traditions and security environments, convergent practices exist in fields including data privacy, algorithmic models, generative content, tiered regulation and technology supply security. This comparative study of international practices can provide valuable insights for China to refine its artificial intelligence safety governance system.

Key words: Artificial Intelligence, safety governance, international experience, policy insights

摘要： 随着生成式人工智能、大模型与智能体应用快速扩展，人工智能安全风险已贯穿数据处理、模型开发、产品部署和基础设施运行等环节。本文通过系统分析主要国家和地区人工智能安全治理特点与实施方式，发现治理方式内容选择虽因技术基础、法律传统、安全环境等因素不同而存在显著差异，但在数据隐私、算法模型、内容生成、分级监管、技术保供等领域存在趋同做法。对国际实践的比较分析将有助于为中国完善人工智能安全治理机制提供思路参考。

关键词: 人工智能, 安全治理, 国际经验, 路径启示